1. – 6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

For those obsessed with punctuality, new-generation clocks, which tune into the nearest official time transmitter to keep time —-, have been developed.

The pattern of world affairs is very complicated, and by no means everything that happens can be —- to the influence of the super-powers.

A small percentage of people have new or recurring —- of pain that feel like gallbladder attacks even though they have no gallbladder.

More than 350,000 people in the UK (25,000 of them children) suffer from Type I diabetes, an auto-immune condition that is —- by a variety of largely unknown genetic and environmental factors.

A mystery virus has —- more than 90 per cent of some bird species in India.

With the Soviet Union in decline in 1990, the United States emerged as the —- superpower.

7. – 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

—- you were born poor and lack good looks, there is still plenty you can do to improve your chances of success.

In immunodeficiency disorders, the immune system doesn’t function adequately, —- infections are more common, recur more frequently and last longer than usual.

—- influencing how we think, digital technology is altering how we feel and how we behave.

Is yawning contagious and, if so, are some of us —- prone to ‘catching’ a yawn —- others?

Upon the completion next month of its renovation and expansion, the museum —- its exhibition space and added an auditorium —- for performances and lectures.

Thanks to a newly developed battery-charging device called ‘the Chargepod,’ we no longer have to use different chargers —- recharge different mobile gadgets, like cell phones and iPods.

Philosophers have debated the relation —- thought and emotions —- at least two millennia.

The main attention at the World Economic Forum, when it was not focused —- China, centred on Africa’s remarkable economic growth —- the past couple of years.

The US presidential election of 1800 —- notorious on account of the unforeseen constitutional problems it —-.

An ideal anticancer drug —- cancer cells without harming normal cells, but no such drug —-.

17. – 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

However hazy their grasp of astronomy may be, most adults hold several beliefs with some certainty. They believe, for example, that the Earth is round and that it revolves around another, larger round body (the Sun), (17) —- a smaller round body (the Moon) revolves around it. They also believe (18) —- certain familiar phenomena, such as the day-night cycle and the seasons, depend on the movements and relative positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. But how do adults come to form such beliefs? The facts of astronomy are hardly evident in everyday experience; if anything, the reverse (19) —- to be true. Children experience an apparently flat earth from which they see the Sun move (20) —- the sky, and they learn things that seem incompatible with the notion that people could somehow live on the surface of a large ball. Is the development of adult-level understanding, therefore, simply a matter of suppressing childish beliefs and gradually (21) —- the views of modern adult society?

However hazy their grasp of astronomy may be, most adults hold several beliefs with some certainty. They believe, for example, that the Earth is round and that it revolves around another, larger round body (the Sun), (17) —- a smaller round body (the Moon) revolves around it. They also believe (18) —- certain familiar phenomena, such as the day-night cycle and the seasons, depend on the movements and relative positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. But how do adults come to form such beliefs? The facts of astronomy are hardly evident in everyday experience; if anything, the reverse (19) —- to be true. Children experience an apparently flat earth from which they see the Sun move (20) —- the sky, and they learn things that seem incompatible with the notion that people could somehow live on the surface of a large ball. Is the development of adult-level understanding, therefore, simply a matter of suppressing childish beliefs and gradually (21) —- the views of modern adult society?

However hazy their grasp of astronomy may be, most adults hold several beliefs with some certainty. They believe, for example, that the Earth is round and that it revolves around another, larger round body (the Sun), (17) —- a smaller round body (the Moon) revolves around it. They also believe (18) —- certain familiar phenomena, such as the day-night cycle and the seasons, depend on the movements and relative positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. But how do adults come to form such beliefs? The facts of astronomy are hardly evident in everyday experience; if anything, the reverse (19) —- to be true. Children experience an apparently flat earth from which they see the Sun move (20) —- the sky, and they learn things that seem incompatible with the notion that people could somehow live on the surface of a large ball. Is the development of adult-level understanding, therefore, simply a matter of suppressing childish beliefs and gradually (21) —- the views of modern adult society?

However hazy their grasp of astronomy may be, most adults hold several beliefs with some certainty. They believe, for example, that the Earth is round and that it revolves around another, larger round body (the Sun), (17) —- a smaller round body (the Moon) revolves around it. They also believe (18) —- certain familiar phenomena, such as the day-night cycle and the seasons, depend on the movements and relative positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. But how do adults come to form such beliefs? The facts of astronomy are hardly evident in everyday experience; if anything, the reverse (19) —- to be true. Children experience an apparently flat earth from which they see the Sun move (20) —- the sky, and they learn things that seem incompatible with the notion that people could somehow live on the surface of a large ball. Is the development of adult-level understanding, therefore, simply a matter of suppressing childish beliefs and gradually (21) —- the views of modern adult society?

However hazy their grasp of astronomy may be, most adults hold several beliefs with some certainty. They believe, for example, that the Earth is round and that it revolves around another, larger round body (the Sun), (17) —- a smaller round body (the Moon) revolves around it. They also believe (18) —- certain familiar phenomena, such as the day-night cycle and the seasons, depend on the movements and relative positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. But how do adults come to form such beliefs? The facts of astronomy are hardly evident in everyday experience; if anything, the reverse (19) —- to be true. Children experience an apparently flat earth from which they see the Sun move (20) —- the sky, and they learn things that seem incompatible with the notion that people could somehow live on the surface of a large ball. Is the development of adult-level understanding, therefore, simply a matter of suppressing childish beliefs and gradually (21) —- the views of modern adult society?

22. – 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Should a vote in Los Angeles count more than a vote in Montana? That’s one question raised (22) —- an analysis of Census Bureau data conducted by researchers at the Centre for Immigration Studies (23) —- found that nine congressional seats (24) —- to different states in 2000, if noncitizens, (25) —- illegal aliens, had been excluded from the counts Congress uses to (26) —- seats.

Should a vote in Los Angeles count more than a vote in Montana? That’s one question raised (22) —- an analysis of Census Bureau data conducted by researchers at the Centre for Immigration Studies (23) —- found that nine congressional seats (24) —- to different states in 2000, if noncitizens, (25) —- illegal aliens, had been excluded from the counts Congress uses to (26) —- seats.

Should a vote in Los Angeles count more than a vote in Montana? That’s one question raised (22) —- an analysis of Census Bureau data conducted by researchers at the Centre for Immigration Studies (23) —- found that nine congressional seats (24) —- to different states in 2000, if noncitizens, (25) —- illegal aliens, had been excluded from the counts Congress uses to (26) —- seats.

Should a vote in Los Angeles count more than a vote in Montana? That’s one question raised (22) —- an analysis of Census Bureau data conducted by researchers at the Centre for Immigration Studies (23) —- found that nine congressional seats (24) —- to different states in 2000, if noncitizens, (25) —- illegal aliens, had been excluded from the counts Congress uses to (26) —- seats.

Should a vote in Los Angeles count more than a vote in Montana? That’s one question raised (22) —- an analysis of Census Bureau data conducted by researchers at the Centre for Immigration Studies (23) —- found that nine congressional seats (24) —- to different states in 2000, if noncitizens, (25) —- illegal aliens, had been excluded from the counts Congress uses to (26) —- seats.

27. – 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Despite the advent of the labour-saving agricultural devices in the Middle Ages, —-.

If there was a ‘Big Bang,’ that is, a huge explosion in space some 15 billion years ago, —-.

If the global desertification process continues at its current rate, —-.

Most people assume that beauty can be defined universally, —–.

Innovation in arm and hand prostheses has been slow —-.

Disorders that affect joints and their components, such as muscles, bones, and tendons, are called ‘connective tissue diseases’ —-.

Home to more than 400 types of coral, over 1,500 fish species, and 200 types of birds, —-.

Many animals have a defined growth period —-.

As families become more fragmented and dispersed, —-.

Ever since scientists learned how to manipulate genes, —-.

37. – 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

Caricature is a mature form of expression that arose when art became capable of social introspection and comment.

A blood test today could take a few days because of the many steps needed to separate blood components.

One of the most interesting applications of laser light is the production of three-dimensional images called ‘holograms.’

Bizim tek seçeneğimiz iyi eğitimli insanlarımızı, en üst düzey yeteneklerimizi ve bilgiyi yeni hizmet ve ürünlere dönüştürme becerimizi mümkün olan en iyi şekilde kullanmaktır.

İnsan vücudundaki en sert madde olan diş minesi kayba uğradığında yenilenemez.

Dünyanın en eski ve en büyük çarşısı olan Kapalıçarşı, İstanbul’un fethinden hemen sonra Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in emriyle, Ayasofya’ya gelir sağlamak amacıyla inşa edilmiştir.

43. – 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

The seventeenth century is probably the first in English history in which more people emigrated than immigrated. In the course of the century, something over one-third of a million people, mainly young adult males, emigrated across the Atlantic. The largest single group made for the West Indies; a second substantial group made for America, in particular Virginia and Catholic Maryland, and even Puritan New England. The pattern of emigration was a fluctuating one, but it probably reached its peak in the 1650s and 1660s. For most of those who emigrated, the search for employment and a better life was almost certainly the principal cause of their departure. For a clear minority, however, freedom from religious persecution took precedence. Moreover, an increasing number were forcibly transported as a punishment for criminal acts. In addition to these transatlantic emigrants, an unknown number emigrated to Europe and settled there. The largest group were probably the sons of Catholic families making for religious houses in France and elsewhere. There were also some adventurers who were willing to fight in any cause if the pay were good.

As clearly pointed out in the passage, for a very large majority of people who left England in the seventeenth century for America and the West Indies, —-.

The seventeenth century is probably the first in English history in which more people emigrated than immigrated. In the course of the century, something over one-third of a million people, mainly young adult males, emigrated across the Atlantic. The largest single group made for the West Indies; a second substantial group made for America, in particular Virginia and Catholic Maryland, and even Puritan New England. The pattern of emigration was a fluctuating one, but it probably reached its peak in the 1650s and 1660s. For most of those who emigrated, the search for employment and a better life was almost certainly the principal cause of their departure. For a clear minority, however, freedom from religious persecution took precedence. Moreover, an increasing number were forcibly transported as a punishment for criminal acts. In addition to these transatlantic emigrants, an unknown number emigrated to Europe and settled there. The largest group were probably the sons of Catholic families making for religious houses in France and elsewhere. There were also some adventurers who were willing to fight in any cause if the pay were good.

According to the passage, seventeenth-century emigration from England —-.

The seventeenth century is probably the first in English history in which more people emigrated than immigrated. In the course of the century, something over one-third of a million people, mainly young adult males, emigrated across the Atlantic. The largest single group made for the West Indies; a second substantial group made for America, in particular Virginia and Catholic Maryland, and even Puritan New England. The pattern of emigration was a fluctuating one, but it probably reached its peak in the 1650s and 1660s. For most of those who emigrated, the search for employment and a better life was almost certainly the principal cause of their departure. For a clear minority, however, freedom from religious persecution took precedence. Moreover, an increasing number were forcibly transported as a punishment for criminal acts. In addition to these transatlantic emigrants, an unknown number emigrated to Europe and settled there. The largest group were probably the sons of Catholic families making for religious houses in France and elsewhere. There were also some adventurers who were willing to fight in any cause if the pay were good.

It is stated in the passage that the emigrants from England to America in the seventeenth century —-.

The seventeenth century is probably the first in English history in which more people emigrated than immigrated. In the course of the century, something over one-third of a million people, mainly young adult males, emigrated across the Atlantic. The largest single group made for the West Indies; a second substantial group made for America, in particular Virginia and Catholic Maryland, and even Puritan New England. The pattern of emigration was a fluctuating one, but it probably reached its peak in the 1650s and 1660s. For most of those who emigrated, the search for employment and a better life was almost certainly the principal cause of their departure. For a clear minority, however, freedom from religious persecution took precedence. Moreover, an increasing number were forcibly transported as a punishment for criminal acts. In addition to these transatlantic emigrants, an unknown number emigrated to Europe and settled there. The largest group were probably the sons of Catholic families making for religious houses in France and elsewhere. There were also some adventurers who were willing to fight in any cause if the pay were good.

It is clear from the passage that those emigrating from England in the seventeenth century, —-.

47. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Stars are believed to begin life as collapsing masses of hydrogen gas, which are called ‘protostars’. As collapsing masses start contracting, they heat up. When the temperature in them reaches 10 million degrees, nuclear fusion begins and forms heavier elements, mainly helium at first. The energy released during these reactions balances the gravitational force, and the young star stabilizes as a main­sequence star. The tremendous brightness of stars comes from the energy released during these thermonuclear reactions. After billions of years, as helium is collected in the core and hydrogen is used up, the core contracts and heats further. The envelope expands and cools, and the star becomes a red giant. The next stage of stellar evolution depends on the mass of the star. Stars of residual mass less than 1.4 solar masses cool further and became white dwarfs, eventually fading and going out altogether. If the star’s residual mass is greater than two or three solar masses, it may contract even further and form a black hole, which is so dense that no matter or light can escape from it.

As it is pointed out in the passage, stars —–.

Stars are believed to begin life as collapsing masses of hydrogen gas, which are called ‘protostars’. As collapsing masses start contracting, they heat up. When the temperature in them reaches 10 million degrees, nuclear fusion begins and forms heavier elements, mainly helium at first. The energy released during these reactions balances the gravitational force, and the young star stabilizes as a main­sequence star. The tremendous brightness of stars comes from the energy released during these thermonuclear reactions. After billions of years, as helium is collected in the core and hydrogen is used up, the core contracts and heats further. The envelope expands and cools, and the star becomes a red giant. The next stage of stellar evolution depends on the mass of the star. Stars of residual mass less than 1.4 solar masses cool further and became white dwarfs, eventually fading and going out altogether. If the star’s residual mass is greater than two or three solar masses, it may contract even further and form a black hole, which is so dense that no matter or light can escape from it.

According to the passage, when protostars contract, —–.

Stars are believed to begin life as collapsing masses of hydrogen gas, which are called ‘protostars’. As collapsing masses start contracting, they heat up. When the temperature in them reaches 10 million degrees, nuclear fusion begins and forms heavier elements, mainly helium at first. The energy released during these reactions balances the gravitational force, and the young star stabilizes as a main­ sequence star. The tremendous brightness of stars comes from the energy released during these thermonuclear reactions. After billions of years, as helium is collected in the core and hydrogen is used up, the core contracts and heats further. The envelope expands and cools, and the star becomes a red giant. The next stage of stellar evolution depends on the mass of the star. Stars of residual mass less than 1.4 solar masses cool further and became white dwarfs, eventually fading and going out altogether. If the star’s residual mass is greater than two or three solar masses, it may contract even further and form a black hole, which is so dense that no matter or light can escape from it.

As it is clear from the passage, helium —–.

Stars are believed to begin life as collapsing masses of hydrogen gas, which are called ‘protostars’. As collapsing masses start contracting, they heat up. When the temperature in them reaches 10 million degrees, nuclear fusion begins and forms heavier elements, mainly helium at first. The energy released during these reactions balances the gravitational force, and the young star stabilizes as a main­ sequence star. The tremendous brightness of stars comes from the energy released during these thermonuclear reactions. After billions of years, as helium is collected in the core and hydrogen is used up, the core contracts and heats further. The envelope expands and cools, and the star becomes a red giant. The next stage of stellar evolution depends on the mass of the star. Stars of residual mass less than 1.4 solar masses cool further and became white dwarfs, eventually fading and going out altogether. If the star’s residual mass is greater than two or three solar masses, it may contract even further and form a black hole, which is so dense that no matter or light can escape from it.

According to the passage, a red giant can eventually turn into a black hole if —–.

51. – 54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Because oxygen is one of the major substances required for chemical reactions in the cells, it is fortunate that the body has a special control mechanism to maintain an almost exact and constant oxygen concentration in the extracellular fluid. This mechanism depends principally on the chemical characteristic of haemoglobin, which is present in all red blood cells. Haemoglobin combines with oxygen as blood passes through the lungs. Then, as the blood passes through the tissue capillaries, haemoglobin, because of its own strong chemical affinity for oxygen, does not release oxygen into the tissue fluid if too much oxygen is already there. If the oxygen concentration is too low, however, sufficient amounts are released to re-establish adequate tissue oxygen concentration. Thus, the regulation of oxygen concentration in the tissues depends principally on the chemical characteristics of haemoglobin itself.

The passage describes —-.

Because oxygen is one of the major substances required for chemical reactions in the cells, it is fortunate that the body has a special control mechanism to maintain an almost exact and constant oxygen concentration in the extracellular fluid. This mechanism depends principally on the chemical characteristic of haemoglobin, which is present in all red blood cells. Haemoglobin combines with oxygen as blood passes through the lungs. Then, as the blood passes through the tissue capillaries, haemoglobin, because of its own strong chemical affinity for oxygen, does not release oxygen into the tissue fluid if too much oxygen is already there. If the oxygen concentration is too low, however, sufficient amounts are released to re-establish adequate tissue oxygen concentration. Thus, the regulation of oxygen concentration in the tissues depends principally on the chemical characteristics of haemoglobin itself.

It is stressed in the passage that haemoglobin —-.

Because oxygen is one of the major substances required for chemical reactions in the cells, it is fortunate that the body has a special control mechanism to maintain an almost exact and constant oxygen concentration in the extracellular fluid. This mechanism depends principally on the chemical characteristic of haemoglobin, which is present in all red blood cells. Haemoglobin combines with oxygen as blood passes through the lungs. Then, as the blood passes through the tissue capillaries, haemoglobin, because of its own strong chemical affinity for oxygen, does not release oxygen into the tissue fluid if too much oxygen is already there. If the oxygen concentration is too low, however, sufficient amounts are released to re-establish adequate tissue oxygen concentration. Thus, the regulation of oxygen concentration in the tissues depends principally on the chemical characteristics of haemoglobin itself.

One understands from the passage that oxygen —-.

Because oxygen is one of the major substances required for chemical reactions in the cells, it is fortunate that the body has a special control mechanism to maintain an almost exact and constant oxygen concentration in the extracellular fluid. This mechanism depends principally on the chemical characteristic of haemoglobin, which is present in all red blood cells. Haemoglobin combines with oxygen as blood passes through the lungs. Then, as the blood passes through the tissue capillaries, haemoglobin, because of its own strong chemical affinity for oxygen, does not release oxygen into the tissue fluid if too much oxygen is already there. If the oxygen concentration is too low, however, sufficient amounts are released to re-establish adequate tissue oxygen concentration. Thus, the regulation of oxygen concentration in the tissues depends principally on the chemical characteristics of haemoglobin itself.

It is explained in the passage that, when the level of oxygen in the tissue fluid decreases, —-.

55. – 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Fossils are the remains of organisms which have endured for fantastic periods of time. Fossils can be bones or teeth or even plant or animal imprints preserved in rock since prehistoric times. The appearance of fossils in rock has been a source of wonder and fascination to man for centuries. The fossil of an ancient sea animal was even found among the possessions of a prehistoric man. Many people have tried to explain fossils. Aristotle believed they were the remains of living creatures, but thought the creatures grew in the rocks. Some people believed that fossils were placed in rocks by evil spirits. Other explanations were remarkably modern. For example, Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, observed fossil seashells in the Libyan desert in 450 B.C. and guessed that the Mediterranean Sea had once reached much farther south than it does today.

It is clear from the passage that —-.

Fossils are the remains of organisms which have endured for fantastic periods of time. Fossils can be bones or teeth or even plant or animal imprints preserved in rock since prehistoric times. The appearance of fossils in rock has been a source of wonder and fascination to man for centuries. The fossil of an ancient sea animal was even found among the possessions of a prehistoric man. Many people have tried to explain fossils. Aristotle believed they were the remains of living creatures, but thought the creatures grew in the rocks. Some people believed that fossils were placed in rocks by evil spirits. Other explanations were remarkably modern. For example, Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, observed fossil seashells in the Libyan desert in 450 B.C. and guessed that the Mediterranean Sea had once reached much farther south than it does today.

It is clear from the passage that fossils —-.

Fossils are the remains of organisms which have endured for fantastic periods of time. Fossils can be bones or teeth or even plant or animal imprints preserved in rock since prehistoric times. The appearance of fossils in rock has been a source of wonder and fascination to man for centuries. The fossil of an ancient sea animal was even found among the possessions of a prehistoric man. Many people have tried to explain fossils. Aristotle believed they were the remains of living creatures, but thought the creatures grew in the rocks. Some people believed that fossils were placed in rocks by evil spirits. Other explanations were remarkably modern. For example, Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, observed fossil seashells in the Libyan desert in 450 B.C. and guessed that the Mediterranean Sea had once reached much farther south than it does today.

According to the passage, Herodotus speculated that the Libyan desert, —-.

Fossils are the remains of organisms which have endured for fantastic periods of time. Fossils can be bones or teeth or even plant or animal imprints preserved in rock since prehistoric times. The appearance of fossils in rock has been a source of wonder and fascination to man for centuries. The fossil of an ancient sea animal was even found among the possessions of a prehistoric man. Many people have tried to explain fossils. Aristotle believed they were the remains of living creatures, but thought the creatures grew in the rocks. Some people believed that fossils were placed in rocks by evil spirits. Other explanations were remarkably modern. For example, Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, observed fossil seashells in the Libyan desert in 450 B.C. and guessed that the Mediterranean Sea had once reached much farther south than it does today.

It is pointed out in the passage that —-.

59. – 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Leonardo da Vinci is a member of a very small class of ‘transformative geniuses’ – not ordinary or common geniuses, who have contributed abundantly to their fields, but rather the ones who have created or defined entire fields. In literature, no one asks, ‘Who was the greatest writer?’ Honest debate can start at Number Two. Shakespeare, the consensus choice as greatest writer, is a member of this class of transformative geniuses. Similarly, Isaac Newton is recognized as the greatest among scientists and mathematicians; Ludwig van Beethoven, and possibly Bach and Mozart, are the transformative geniuses among composers. The most recent transformative genius the world has seen may have been Albert Einstein, a scientist like Newton – and Time Magazine’s ‘Man of the Century’ for the 20th century. In ranking artists, one can start the debate at Number Three – a rank for which Raphael and Rembrandt are candidates, or perhaps one of the great French Impressionists, or the 20th century’s most famous artist, Picasso. The ranks of Number One and Number Two, however, are reserved for Leonardo and Michelangelo, taken in either order. These two are far above all other artists. Michelangelo lived a very long lifetime of eighty-nine years, and was productive to the end. Leonardo, on the other hand, lived sixty-seven years, and left behind just a dozen paintings. And only a half of these are incontrovertibly one hundred per cent by him. In contrast, Rembrandt painted hundreds of paintings, 57 of himself alone; van Gogh created nine hundred paintings in a period of nine years. So how can we put Leonardo at the very pinnacle? The answer is really quite simple: his dozen or so paintings include the Number One and the Number Two most famous paintings in the history of art – The Last Supper and Mona Lisa.

The passage is about ‘transformative geniuses’ —-.

Leonardo da Vinci is a member of a very small class of ‘transformative geniuses’ – not ordinary or common geniuses, who have contributed abundantly to their fields, but rather the ones who have created or defined entire fields. In literature, no one asks, ‘Who was the greatest writer?’ Honest debate can start at Number Two. Shakespeare, the consensus choice as greatest writer, is a member of this class of transformative geniuses. Similarly, Isaac Newton is recognized as the greatest among scientists and mathematicians; Ludwig van Beethoven, and possibly Bach and Mozart, are the transformative geniuses among composers. The most recent transformative genius the world has seen may have been Albert Einstein, a scientist like Newton – and Time Magazine’s ‘Man of the Century’ for the 20th century. In ranking artists, one can start the debate at Number Three – a rank for which Raphael and Rembrandt are candidates, or perhaps one of the great French Impressionists, or the 20th century’s most famous artist, Picasso. The ranks of Number One and Number Two, however, are reserved for Leonardo and Michelangelo, taken in either order. These two are far above all other artists. Michelangelo lived a very long lifetime of eighty-nine years, and was productive to the end. Leonardo, on the other hand, lived sixty-seven years, and left behind just a dozen paintings. And only a half of these are incontrovertibly one hundred per cent by him. In contrast, Rembrandt painted hundreds of paintings, 57 of himself alone; van Gogh created nine hundred paintings in a period of nine years. So how can we put Leonardo at the very pinnacle? The answer is really quite simple: his dozen or so paintings include the Number One and the Number Two most famous paintings in the history of art – The Last Supper and Mona Lisa.

According to the passage, when it comes to ranking artists, —-.

Leonardo da Vinci is a member of a very small class of ‘transformative geniuses’ – not ordinary or common geniuses, who have contributed abundantly to their fields, but rather the ones who have created or defined entire fields. In literature, no one asks, ‘Who was the greatest writer?’ Honest debate can start at Number Two. Shakespeare, the consensus choice as greatest writer, is a member of this class of transformative geniuses. Similarly, Isaac Newton is recognized as the greatest among scientists and mathematicians; Ludwig van Beethoven, and possibly Bach and Mozart, are the transformative geniuses among composers. The most recent transformative genius the world has seen may have been Albert Einstein, a scientist like Newton – and Time Magazine’s ‘Man of the Century’ for the 20th century. In ranking artists, one can start the debate at Number Three – a rank for which Raphael and Rembrandt are candidates, or perhaps one of the great French Impressionists, or the 20th century’s most famous artist, Picasso. The ranks of Number One and Number Two, however, are reserved for Leonardo and Michelangelo, taken in either order. These two are far above all other artists. Michelangelo lived a very long lifetime of eighty-nine years, and was productive to the end. Leonardo, on the other hand, lived sixty-seven years, and left behind just a dozen paintings. And only a half of these are incontrovertibly one hundred per cent by him. In contrast, Rembrandt painted hundreds of paintings, 57 of himself alone; van Gogh created nine hundred paintings in a period of nine years. So how can we put Leonardo at the very pinnacle? The answer is really quite simple: his dozen or so paintings include the Number One and the Number Two most famous paintings in the history of art – The Last Supper and Mona Lisa.

We learn from the passage that, although Leonardo left the world only a dozen or so paintings, —-.

Leonardo da Vinci is a member of a very small class of ‘transformative geniuses’ – not ordinary or common geniuses, who have contributed abundantly to their fields, but rather the ones who have created or defined entire fields. In literature, no one asks, ‘Who was the greatest writer?’ Honest debate can start at Number Two. Shakespeare, the consensus choice as greatest writer, is a member of this class of transformative geniuses. Similarly, Isaac Newton is recognized as the greatest among scientists and mathematicians; Ludwig van Beethoven, and possibly Bach and Mozart, are the transformative geniuses among composers. The most recent transformative genius the world has seen may have been Albert Einstein, a scientist like Newton – and Time Magazine’s ‘Man of the Century’ for the 20th century. In ranking artists, one can start the debate at Number Three – a rank for which Raphael and Rembrandt are candidates, or perhaps one of the great French Impressionists, or the 20th century’s most famous artist, Picasso. The ranks of Number One and Number Two, however, are reserved for Leonardo and Michelangelo, taken in either order. These two are far above all other artists. Michelangelo lived a very long lifetime of eighty-nine years, and was productive to the end. Leonardo, on the other hand, lived sixty-seven years, and left behind just a dozen paintings. And only a half of these are incontrovertibly one hundred per cent by him. In contrast, Rembrandt painted hundreds of paintings, 57 of himself alone; van Gogh created nine hundred paintings in a period of nine years. So how can we put Leonardo at the very pinnacle? The answer is really quite simple: his dozen or so paintings include the Number One and the Number Two most famous paintings in the history of art – The Last Supper and Mona Lisa.

It is clear from the passage that Michelangelo —-.

63. – 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.

Liza:
– Prof. Dickens, I’m so excited. My doctoral defence is coming up soon. Can you give me some practical advice?
Prof. Dickens:
– First, prepare a three-minute account of the essence of your work. Then be prepared to defend any controversial point that you have made.
Liza:
– —-
Prof. Dickens:
– The members of your committee are only interested in the quality of your scholarship. Just try to impress the members with your grasp of the subject.

Sharon:
– I need a memory card that is compatible with my laptop.
Shop Assistant:
– —-
Sharon:
– I think two terabytes will be enough to store all my files.
Shop Assistant:
– Then I suggest this one. It has the memory volume you want, and it is quite user-friendly.

Steven:
– Wasn’t it the American astronomer Edwin Hubble who first put forth the idea that the universe is expanding?
Larry:
– Yes, it was him. He did much of his observational work in the 1920s on Mt. Wilson near Los Angeles.
Steven:
– —-
Larry:
– Yes; and that makes his work all the more remarkable.

Harry :
– The government may soon be able to access everyone’s phone calls and e-mails.
Sally :
– —-
Harry :
– Yes, and that is the main concern about it. But the purpose of the proposed regulation is to counteract terrorism.
Sally :
– Still, officials should make sure that civil liberties are not infringed.

Joanne:
– Hi, Tom! You look worried. What’s on your mind?
Tom:
– I really need that job I’ve interviewed for, but I just found out that there are many younger applicants. I guess my chances are pretty slim now.
Joanne:
– I wouldn’t say that! You are older but highly qualified and experienced. I am sure you will get it!
Tom:
– But I still think that any younger applicant has an advantage over me.
Joanne:
– —-

68. – 71. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.

It’s only now that she understands how unhappy she was during her twenties.

Libya is almost all desert with the exception of the cities of Tripoli and Benghazi, which traditionally have had little in common.

The 1980s brought a surge of new interest in expanding the definition of intelligence.

The pictures of the 18th-century painter, Hogarth, seem modern because of their wit and satire.

72. – 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

Anaemia is not a disease but a symptom of any of a number of different disorders. It can be caused by poor diet, blood loss, exposure to industrial poisons, diseases of the bone marrow and any other disorder that upsets the balance between blood production and blood loss. Mild degrees of anaemia often cause nothing more than a lack of energy. —- This may be accompanied by the pounding of the heart and a rapid pulse and heart action.

Energy can be transformed from one form to another. A stone held high in the air has potential energy; as it falls, it loses potential energy, since its height above the ground decreases. At the same time, it gains in kinetic energy, since its velocity is increasing. Potential energy is being transformed into kinetic energy. —- At the base of the dam, the kinetic energy of the water can be transferred into turbine blades and further transformed into electric energy.

If politics is defined broadly as competition for power over people and things, then it is clear that all societies have some sort of political system. —-. It may initially seem that some small-scale societies have no politicians or political organizations at all, but they are present though on a very small scale.

In physics, a force is a push or pull on an object. There are four fundamental forces, three of which are involved in keeping stable atoms in one piece and determining how unstable atoms will decay. —-. The electromagnetic force keeps electrons attached to their atom; the strong force holds the protons and the neutrons together in the nucleus; and the weak force governs how atoms decay when they have too many protons or neutrons. The fourth fundamental force, gravity, only becomes apparent with objects much larger than subatomic particles.

76. – 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) A major issue in Australian social history has been the question of identity. (II) There has long been a tension between the preservation of British cultural values and the promotion of Australian independence. (III) In October 1992, Australia’s prime minister Paul Keating and Queen Elizabeth II formalized an agreement by which Australian citizens would no longer be nominated for the receipt of UK honours. (IV) Many inhabitants have favoured the maintenance and development of cultural continuity with Britain. (V) Others, however, have come to reject this tradition, advocating instead nationalism, or some kind of internationalism without a British focus.

(I) Systemic anaphylaxis is a dangerous allergic reaction that can occur when a person develops an allergy to a specific drug such as penicillin. (II) In serious allergic disorders, patients are sometimes given a form of immunotherapy known as desensitization. (III) A widespread allergic reaction takes place within minutes after the drug enters the body. (IV) Mast cells release large amounts of histamine and other compounds into the circulation, and these compounds cause extreme vasodilatation and permeability. (V) So much plasma may be lost from the blood that circulatory shock and death can occur within a few minutes.

(I) Many different conditions exist along the length of a river or stream. (II) The nature of a flowing-water ecosystem changes greatly from its source, where it begins, to its mouth, where it empties into another body of water. (III) For example, headwater streams are usually shallow, cold, swiftly flowing. (IV) In contrast, rivers downstream from the headwaters are wider and deeper, less cold and slower-flowing. (V) Unless strong conservation measures are initiated soon, human population growth and industrialization in tropical countries will spell the end of tropical rain forests by the middle of the century.

(I) Some philosophers argue that the only real world is the world of the mind and the physical world is an illusion. (II) The converse idea is that the mind is ultimately a function of the brain. (III) The brain has physical properties that are in a constant state of flux. (IV) A frequent criticism of the latter position is that it robs humanity of its lofty, idealistic spirit. (V) One basic problem the mind-body dualists have is trying to figure out how the mind is connected to the body and vice versa.

(I) We benefit from the results of mathematical research every day. (II) The fibre-optic network carrying our telephone conversations, for example, was designed with the help of mathematical research. (III) Our computers are the result of millions of hours of mathematical analysis. (IV) Mathematics is a basic component of the primary and secondary education curricula. (V) Weather prediction, the design of fuel-efficient automobiles and airplanes, traffic control, and medical imaging all depend upon mathematical analysis.