1. – 6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Despite the overwhelming evidence against the defendant, his legal team remained —- that they could secure an acquittal based on a technicality in the police report.

The diplomatic negotiations were —- hindered by the sudden resignation of the lead mediator, which left both parties without a clear path forward.

The sudden —- of the housing market in 2008 led to a global financial crisis that forced many governments to implement drastic austerity measures.

Scientists are currently working to —- whether the new strain of the virus is resistant to the vaccines that were developed last year.

The local council decided to —- the old cinema to make room for a new shopping complex, despite the protests of heritage conservationists.

The company was forced to —- its expansion plans in the Middle East due to the increasing political instability in the region.

7. – 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

—- the professor’s lectures are incredibly dense and intellectually demanding, they are always packed with students who find his insights invaluable.

The new tax law is expected to increase government revenue; —-, it may place an unfair financial burden on small business owners.

The report highlights the urgent need —- a more comprehensive approach —- solving the problem of urban poverty in developing nations.

The research team found that the new drug was —- more effective than the existing treatment —- safer for long-term use.

If the city council —- the historic district earlier, many of the Victorian-era buildings that define the neighborhood —- even now.

It is widely believed that the ancient Maya —- their cities due to a combination of prolonged drought and internal warfare, though researchers —- for more definitive evidence.

The CEO is expected —- his resignation at the upcoming board meeting, following several months of rumors regarding his —- in the scandal.

The marketing team decided to target a younger demographic —- increase the brand’s relevance in the rapidly changing fashion industry.

The study, which was conducted —- collaboration —- several European universities, provides new insights into the effects of climate change on Alpine glaciers.

The laboratory maintains a strictly controlled environment —- any contamination of the biological samples might occur during the experiment.

17. – 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

The Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral reef system, is currently facing unprecedented threats (17) —– rising ocean temperatures. When water remains too warm for extended periods, corals expel the algae living in their tissues, a process known as bleaching. (18) —– the corals can recover if temperatures drop quickly, prolonged heat stress leads to widespread mortality. Furthermore, agricultural runoff introduces excess nutrients into the water, (19) —– the growth of crown-of-thorns starfish that prey on coral polyps. Marine biologists argue that unless global carbon emissions (20) —– significantly, the structural integrity of the reef will continue to decline. Protecting this ecosystem is vital, as it supports thousands of species (21) —– to the region.

The Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral reef system, is currently facing unprecedented threats (17) —– rising ocean temperatures. When water remains too warm for extended periods, corals expel the algae living in their tissues, a process known as bleaching. (18) —– the corals can recover if temperatures drop quickly, prolonged heat stress leads to widespread mortality. Furthermore, agricultural runoff introduces excess nutrients into the water, (19) —– the growth of crown-of-thorns starfish that prey on coral polyps. Marine biologists argue that unless global carbon emissions (20) —– significantly, the structural integrity of the reef will continue to decline. Protecting this ecosystem is vital, as it supports thousands of species (21) —– to the region.

The Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral reef system, is currently facing unprecedented threats (17) —– rising ocean temperatures. When water remains too warm for extended periods, corals expel the algae living in their tissues, a process known as bleaching. (18) —– the corals can recover if temperatures drop quickly, prolonged heat stress leads to widespread mortality. Furthermore, agricultural runoff introduces excess nutrients into the water, (19) —– the growth of crown-of-thorns starfish that prey on coral polyps. Marine biologists argue that unless global carbon emissions (20) —– significantly, the structural integrity of the reef will continue to decline. Protecting this ecosystem is vital, as it supports thousands of species (21) —– to the region.

The Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral reef system, is currently facing unprecedented threats (17) —– rising ocean temperatures. When water remains too warm for extended periods, corals expel the algae living in their tissues, a process known as bleaching. (18) —– the corals can recover if temperatures drop quickly, prolonged heat stress leads to widespread mortality. Furthermore, agricultural runoff introduces excess nutrients into the water, (19) —– the growth of crown-of-thorns starfish that prey on coral polyps. Marine biologists argue that unless global carbon emissions (20) —– significantly, the structural integrity of the reef will continue to decline. Protecting this ecosystem is vital, as it supports thousands of species (21) —– to the region.

The Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral reef system, is currently facing unprecedented threats (17) —– rising ocean temperatures. When water remains too warm for extended periods, corals expel the algae living in their tissues, a process known as bleaching. (18) —– the corals can recover if temperatures drop quickly, prolonged heat stress leads to widespread mortality. Furthermore, agricultural runoff introduces excess nutrients into the water, (19) —– the growth of crown-of-thorns starfish that prey on coral polyps. Marine biologists argue that unless global carbon emissions (20) —– significantly, the structural integrity of the reef will continue to decline. Protecting this ecosystem is vital, as it supports thousands of species (21) —– to the region.

22. – 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

As the global transition toward sustainable energy accelerates, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative (22) —– fossil fuels. Unlike grey hydrogen, which is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by renewable sources. The primary advantage of this technology is that it produces zero carbon emissions, (23) —– water vapor as its only by-product. However, the high cost of production and the lack of specialized infrastructure remain significant (24) —– to its widespread adoption. Engineers are currently working to develop more efficient electrolysers (25) —– make the process economically viable. If these hurdles can be overcome, green hydrogen (26) —– a crucial role in decarbonizing heavy industries like shipping and steel production.

As the global transition toward sustainable energy accelerates, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative (22) —– fossil fuels. Unlike grey hydrogen, which is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by renewable sources. The primary advantage of this technology is that it produces zero carbon emissions, (23) —– water vapor as its only by-product. However, the high cost of production and the lack of specialized infrastructure remain significant (24) —– to its widespread adoption. Engineers are currently working to develop more efficient electrolysers (25) —– make the process economically viable. If these hurdles can be overcome, green hydrogen (26) —– a crucial role in decarbonizing heavy industries like shipping and steel production.

As the global transition toward sustainable energy accelerates, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative (22) —– fossil fuels. Unlike grey hydrogen, which is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by renewable sources. The primary advantage of this technology is that it produces zero carbon emissions, (23) —– water vapor as its only by-product. However, the high cost of production and the lack of specialized infrastructure remain significant (24) —– to its widespread adoption. Engineers are currently working to develop more efficient electrolysers (25) —– make the process economically viable. If these hurdles can be overcome, green hydrogen (26) —– a crucial role in decarbonizing heavy industries like shipping and steel production.

As the global transition toward sustainable energy accelerates, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative (22) —– fossil fuels. Unlike grey hydrogen, which is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by renewable sources. The primary advantage of this technology is that it produces zero carbon emissions, (23) —– water vapor as its only by-product. However, the high cost of production and the lack of specialized infrastructure remain significant (24) —– to its widespread adoption. Engineers are currently working to develop more efficient electrolysers (25) —– make the process economically viable. If these hurdles can be overcome, green hydrogen (26) —– a crucial role in decarbonizing heavy industries like shipping and steel production.

As the global transition toward sustainable energy accelerates, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative (22) —– fossil fuels. Unlike grey hydrogen, which is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by renewable sources. The primary advantage of this technology is that it produces zero carbon emissions, (23) —– water vapor as its only by-product. However, the high cost of production and the lack of specialized infrastructure remain significant (24) —– to its widespread adoption. Engineers are currently working to develop more efficient electrolysers (25) —– make the process economically viable. If these hurdles can be overcome, green hydrogen (26) —– a crucial role in decarbonizing heavy industries like shipping and steel production.

27. – 36. sorularda, tümceyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulun.

The pharmaceutical company withdrew the drug from the market —-.

—-, the explorer decided to turn back before reaching the summit.

Many urban planners advocate for the expansion of public transit —-.

—-, the defendant’s testimony was deemed inadmissible by the judge.

The Renaissance was a period of immense cultural flowering —-.

—-, the team of engineers managed to complete the bridge on schedule.

The results of the experiment remain inconclusive —-.

—-, the government has introduced a new series of tax incentives.

The witness was hesitant to provide a full account of the incident —-.

—-, the species might have been saved from the brink of extinction.

37. – 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce tümceye anlamca en yakın Türkçe tümceyi, Türkçe tümceye anlamca en yakın İngilizce tümceyi bulun.

Given the complexity of the global supply chain, any disruption in one region can have a cascading effect that impacts industries and consumers worldwide.

Ancient philosophers sought to understand the nature of virtue, arguing that true happiness could only be achieved through the cultivation of moral excellence and intellectual wisdom.

Despite being one of the most prolific authors of the nineteenth century, Charles Dickens never received formal literary training, relying instead on his keen observations of Victorian society.

Genetik mühendisliğindeki son ilerlemeler, bilim insanlarının hastalık taşıyan genleri doğrudan değiştirmesine olanak tanıyarak kalıtsal rahatsızlıkların tedavisinde yeni bir çığır açtı.

Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından yayınlanan rapora göre, küresel yoksullukla mücadelede önemli ilerleme kaydedildi ancak gelir adaletsizliği hala ciddi bir sorun olmaya devam ediyor.

Geleneksel fosil yakıtlardan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçiş sadece çevresel bir zorunluluk değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik büyüme için stratejik bir fırsattır.

43. – 46. soruları verilen metne göre yanıtlayın.

In international relations, the term “soft power” refers to the ability of a country to influence others and get what it wants through attraction rather than coercion or payment. Coined by Joseph Nye in the late 1980s, soft power contrasts with “hard power,” which relies on military force or economic sanctions. A country’s soft power typically rests on three resources: its culture, its political values, and its foreign policies. When a nation’s culture includes universal values and its policies are seen as legitimate and having moral authority, its power to persuade increases. For instance, the global popularity of American cinema or the widespread use of the English language are manifestations of soft power that can create a favorable public opinion abroad. However, soft power is not a panacea; it is often slow to produce results and difficult to measure compared to the tangible assets of hard power. Moreover, if a country’s actions at home contradict the values it preaches abroad, its soft power can be quickly eroded, leading to a loss of international credibility.

The main difference between soft power and hard power, as described in the passage, is that soft power —-.

In international relations, the term “soft power” refers to the ability of a country to influence others and get what it wants through attraction rather than coercion or payment. Coined by Joseph Nye in the late 1980s, soft power contrasts with “hard power,” which relies on military force or economic sanctions. A country’s soft power typically rests on three resources: its culture, its political values, and its foreign policies. When a nation’s culture includes universal values and its policies are seen as legitimate and having moral authority, its power to persuade increases. For instance, the global popularity of American cinema or the widespread use of the English language are manifestations of soft power that can create a favorable public opinion abroad. However, soft power is not a panacea; it is often slow to produce results and difficult to measure compared to the tangible assets of hard power. Moreover, if a country’s actions at home contradict the values it preaches abroad, its soft power can be quickly eroded, leading to a loss of international credibility.

It is stated in the passage that a country’s soft power can be weakened if —-.

In international relations, the term “soft power” refers to the ability of a country to influence others and get what it wants through attraction rather than coercion or payment. Coined by Joseph Nye in the late 1980s, soft power contrasts with “hard power,” which relies on military force or economic sanctions. A country’s soft power typically rests on three resources: its culture, its political values, and its foreign policies. When a nation’s culture includes universal values and its policies are seen as legitimate and having moral authority, its power to persuade increases. For instance, the global popularity of American cinema or the widespread use of the English language are manifestations of soft power that can create a favorable public opinion abroad. However, soft power is not a panacea; it is often slow to produce results and difficult to measure compared to the tangible assets of hard power. Moreover, if a country’s actions at home contradict the values it preaches abroad, its soft power can be quickly eroded, leading to a loss of international credibility.

The underlined word ‘manifestations’ in the passage is closest in meaning to —-.

In international relations, the term “soft power” refers to the ability of a country to influence others and get what it wants through attraction rather than coercion or payment. Coined by Joseph Nye in the late 1980s, soft power contrasts with “hard power,” which relies on military force or economic sanctions. A country’s soft power typically rests on three resources: its culture, its political values, and its foreign policies. When a nation’s culture includes universal values and its policies are seen as legitimate and having moral authority, its power to persuade increases. For instance, the global popularity of American cinema or the widespread use of the English language are manifestations of soft power that can create a favorable public opinion abroad. However, soft power is not a panacea; it is often slow to produce results and difficult to measure compared to the tangible assets of hard power. Moreover, if a country’s actions at home contradict the values it preaches abroad, its soft power can be quickly eroded, leading to a loss of international credibility.

According to the passage, why might soft power be considered less reliable than hard power?

47. – 50. soruları verilen metne göre yanıtlayın.

For decades, the prevailing dogma in neuroscience was that the adult brain was a static organ, with a fixed number of neurons that inevitably declined with age. This pessimistic view suggested that once childhood development was complete, the brain’s circuitry was “hard-wired” and incapable of significant structural change. However, recent research into neuroplasticity has radically overturned this notion. Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, responding to learning, experience, and even physical injury. While it is true that the brain’s plasticity is most pronounced in infancy, the adult brain retains a remarkable capacity for growth. Engaging in cognitively demanding tasks, such as learning a new language or a musical instrument, can stimulate neurogenesis—the birth of new neurons—in the hippocampus. Furthermore, physical exercise has been shown to increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth of new ones. These findings suggest that lifestyle choices play a pivotal role in maintaining cognitive health well into senescence.

It can be understood from the passage that the “prevailing dogma” of the past —-.

For decades, the prevailing dogma in neuroscience was that the adult brain was a static organ, with a fixed number of neurons that inevitably declined with age. This pessimistic view suggested that once childhood development was complete, the brain’s circuitry was “hard-wired” and incapable of significant structural change. However, recent research into neuroplasticity has radically overturned this notion. Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, responding to learning, experience, and even physical injury. While it is true that the brain’s plasticity is most pronounced in infancy, the adult brain retains a remarkable capacity for growth. Engaging in cognitively demanding tasks, such as learning a new language or a musical instrument, can stimulate neurogenesis—the birth of new neurons—in the hippocampus. Furthermore, physical exercise has been shown to increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth of new ones. These findings suggest that lifestyle choices play a pivotal role in maintaining cognitive health well into senescence.

According to the passage, neuroplasticity allows the brain to —-.

For decades, the prevailing dogma in neuroscience was that the adult brain was a static organ, with a fixed number of neurons that inevitably declined with age. This pessimistic view suggested that once childhood development was complete, the brain’s circuitry was “hard-wired” and incapable of significant structural change. However, recent research into neuroplasticity has radically overturned this notion. Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, responding to learning, experience, and even physical injury. While it is true that the brain’s plasticity is most pronounced in infancy, the adult brain retains a remarkable capacity for growth. Engaging in cognitively demanding tasks, such as learning a new language or a musical instrument, can stimulate neurogenesis—the birth of new neurons—in the hippocampus. Furthermore, physical exercise has been shown to increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth of new ones. These findings suggest that lifestyle choices play a pivotal role in maintaining cognitive health well into senescence.

The underlined word ‘overturned’ in the passage is closest in meaning to —-.

For decades, the prevailing dogma in neuroscience was that the adult brain was a static organ, with a fixed number of neurons that inevitably declined with age. This pessimistic view suggested that once childhood development was complete, the brain’s circuitry was “hard-wired” and incapable of significant structural change. However, recent research into neuroplasticity has radically overturned this notion. Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, responding to learning, experience, and even physical injury. While it is true that the brain’s plasticity is most pronounced in infancy, the adult brain retains a remarkable capacity for growth. Engaging in cognitively demanding tasks, such as learning a new language or a musical instrument, can stimulate neurogenesis—the birth of new neurons—in the hippocampus. Furthermore, physical exercise has been shown to increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth of new ones. These findings suggest that lifestyle choices play a pivotal role in maintaining cognitive health well into senescence.

Which of the following can be concluded about lifestyle and brain health?

51. – 54. soruları verilen metne göre yanıtlayın.

The Fermi Paradox asks a haunting question: “Where is everybody?” Given the age and vastness of the universe, it seems statistically probable that intelligent extraterrestrial life should be widespread. One proposed explanation is the “Great Filter” hypothesis. This theory suggests that in the development of life from the earliest reproductive stages to a spacefaring civilization, there is an evolutionary wall or hurdle that is nearly impossible to surpass. This filter could be in our past—perhaps the transition from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells was a fluke of staggering improbability. If so, humans are unique and have already cleared the hurdle. Conversely, the filter could lie in our future. It might be that civilizations invariably destroy themselves through nuclear war, climate change, or runaway artificial intelligence before they can colonize other stars. Finding evidence of simple life on Mars, for instance, would be disconcerting according to this theory, as it would imply that the filter is not behind us, but ahead, waiting to eliminate us as it likely did others.

The primary focus of the Fermi Paradox, as mentioned in the passage, is —-.

The Fermi Paradox asks a haunting question: “Where is everybody?” Given the age and vastness of the universe, it seems statistically probable that intelligent extraterrestrial life should be widespread. One proposed explanation is the “Great Filter” hypothesis. This theory suggests that in the development of life from the earliest reproductive stages to a spacefaring civilization, there is an evolutionary wall or hurdle that is nearly impossible to surpass. This filter could be in our past—perhaps the transition from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells was a fluke of staggering improbability. If so, humans are unique and have already cleared the hurdle. Conversely, the filter could lie in our future. It might be that civilizations invariably destroy themselves through nuclear war, climate change, or runaway artificial intelligence before they can colonize other stars. Finding evidence of simple life on Mars, for instance, would be disconcerting according to this theory, as it would imply that the filter is not behind us, but ahead, waiting to eliminate us as it likely did others.

According to the Great Filter hypothesis, if the “filter” is in our past, it means that —-.

The Fermi Paradox asks a haunting question: “Where is everybody?” Given the age and vastness of the universe, it seems statistically probable that intelligent extraterrestrial life should be widespread. One proposed explanation is the “Great Filter” hypothesis. This theory suggests that in the development of life from the earliest reproductive stages to a spacefaring civilization, there is an evolutionary wall or hurdle that is nearly impossible to surpass. This filter could be in our past—perhaps the transition from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells was a fluke of staggering improbability. If so, humans are unique and have already cleared the hurdle. Conversely, the filter could lie in our future. It might be that civilizations invariably destroy themselves through nuclear war, climate change, or runaway artificial intelligence before they can colonize other stars. Finding evidence of simple life on Mars, for instance, would be disconcerting according to this theory, as it would imply that the filter is not behind us, but ahead, waiting to eliminate us as it likely did others.

The underlined word ‘disconcerting’ in the passage is closest in meaning to —-.

The Fermi Paradox asks a haunting question: “Where is everybody?” Given the age and vastness of the universe, it seems statistically probable that intelligent extraterrestrial life should be widespread. One proposed explanation is the “Great Filter” hypothesis. This theory suggests that in the development of life from the earliest reproductive stages to a spacefaring civilization, there is an evolutionary wall or hurdle that is nearly impossible to surpass. This filter could be in our past—perhaps the transition from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells was a fluke of staggering improbability. If so, humans are unique and have already cleared the hurdle. Conversely, the filter could lie in our future. It might be that civilizations invariably destroy themselves through nuclear war, climate change, or runaway artificial intelligence before they can colonize other stars. Finding evidence of simple life on Mars, for instance, would be disconcerting according to this theory, as it would imply that the filter is not behind us, but ahead, waiting to eliminate us as it likely did others.

Why would finding life on Mars be problematic for humanity according to this theory?

55. – 58. soruları verilen metne göre yanıtlayın.

While Hedy Lamarr is primarily remembered as a glamorous Hollywood star of the 1940s, her most significant legacy lies in a laboratory, not on a film set. Alongside composer George Antheil, Lamarr co-invented a “Secret Communications System” during World War II to prevent enemy forces from jamming radio-controlled torpedoes. Their invention utilized “frequency hopping,” a method where a radio signal rapidly switches among many frequency channels in a pseudorandom sequence. By synchronized hopping between the transmitter and receiver, the signal becomes nearly impossible for an enemy to intercept or block. Although the U.S. Navy initially ignored the patent, the principles of frequency hopping eventually became the bedrock of modern wireless communication. Today, the technology envisioned by Lamarr is essential for the functionality of GPS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. Lamarr’s story serves as a powerful reminder that intellectual brilliance can often be found in the most unexpected places.

The primary purpose of Lamarr and Antheil’s invention was to —-.

While Hedy Lamarr is primarily remembered as a glamorous Hollywood star of the 1940s, her most significant legacy lies in a laboratory, not on a film set. Alongside composer George Antheil, Lamarr co-invented a “Secret Communications System” during World War II to prevent enemy forces from jamming radio-controlled torpedoes. Their invention utilized “frequency hopping,” a method where a radio signal rapidly switches among many frequency channels in a pseudorandom sequence. By synchronized hopping between the transmitter and receiver, the signal becomes nearly impossible for an enemy to intercept or block. Although the U.S. Navy initially ignored the patent, the principles of frequency hopping eventually became the bedrock of modern wireless communication. Today, the technology envisioned by Lamarr is essential for the functionality of GPS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. Lamarr’s story serves as a powerful reminder that intellectual brilliance can often be found in the most unexpected places.

How does “frequency hopping” work, according to the passage?

While Hedy Lamarr is primarily remembered as a glamorous Hollywood star of the 1940s, her most significant legacy lies in a laboratory, not on a film set. Alongside composer George Antheil, Lamarr co-invented a “Secret Communications System” during World War II to prevent enemy forces from jamming radio-controlled torpedoes. Their invention utilized “frequency hopping,” a method where a radio signal rapidly switches among many frequency channels in a pseudorandom sequence. By synchronized hopping between the transmitter and receiver, the signal becomes nearly impossible for an enemy to intercept or block. Although the U.S. Navy initially ignored the patent, the principles of frequency hopping eventually became the bedrock of modern wireless communication. Today, the technology envisioned by Lamarr is essential for the functionality of GPS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. Lamarr’s story serves as a powerful reminder that intellectual brilliance can often be found in the most unexpected places.

What was the initial reaction to Lamarr’s invention?

While Hedy Lamarr is primarily remembered as a glamorous Hollywood star of the 1940s, her most significant legacy lies in a laboratory, not on a film set. Alongside composer George Antheil, Lamarr co-invented a “Secret Communications System” during World War II to prevent enemy forces from jamming radio-controlled torpedoes. Their invention utilized “frequency hopping,” a method where a radio signal rapidly switches among many frequency channels in a pseudorandom sequence. By synchronized hopping between the transmitter and receiver, the signal becomes nearly impossible for an enemy to intercept or block. Although the U.S. Navy initially ignored the patent, the principles of frequency hopping eventually became the bedrock of modern wireless communication. Today, the technology envisioned by Lamarr is essential for the functionality of GPS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. Lamarr’s story serves as a powerful reminder that intellectual brilliance can often be found in the most unexpected places.

The word “bedrock” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to —-.

59. – 62. soruları verilen metne göre yanıtlayın.

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen, was a 10th-century polymath whose work in optics laid the foundation for the scientific method. One of his most enduring contributions is “Alhazen’s Problem,” a complex geometric puzzle: given a light source and a spherical mirror, find the point on the mirror where the light will be reflected to the eye of an observer. While the problem sounds simple, it involves solving a fourth-degree equation, which was beyond the reach of the mathematics of his time. Alhazen provided a brilliant geometric solution using conic sections, a feat that wouldn’t be surpassed for centuries. Beyond this specific problem, his Book of Optics challenged the ancient Greek “emission theory,” which claimed that the eyes emit rays to perceive objects. Instead, Alhazen correctly argued that light reflects off objects and enters the eye. His insistence on experimental proof over abstract theory remains the cornerstone of modern physics.

What is the core requirement of “Alhazen’s Problem”?

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen, was a 10th-century polymath whose work in optics laid the foundation for the scientific method. One of his most enduring contributions is “Alhazen’s Problem,” a complex geometric puzzle: given a light source and a spherical mirror, find the point on the mirror where the light will be reflected to the eye of an observer. While the problem sounds simple, it involves solving a fourth-degree equation, which was beyond the reach of the mathematics of his time. Alhazen provided a brilliant geometric solution using conic sections, a feat that wouldn’t be surpassed for centuries. Beyond this specific problem, his Book of Optics challenged the ancient Greek “emission theory,” which claimed that the eyes emit rays to perceive objects. Instead, Alhazen correctly argued that light reflects off objects and enters the eye. His insistence on experimental proof over abstract theory remains the cornerstone of modern physics.

Alhazen’s approach to solving his namesake problem was unique because —-.

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen, was a 10th-century polymath whose work in optics laid the foundation for the scientific method. One of his most enduring contributions is “Alhazen’s Problem,” a complex geometric puzzle: given a light source and a spherical mirror, find the point on the mirror where the light will be reflected to the eye of an observer. While the problem sounds simple, it involves solving a fourth-degree equation, which was beyond the reach of the mathematics of his time. Alhazen provided a brilliant geometric solution using conic sections, a feat that wouldn’t be surpassed for centuries. Beyond this specific problem, his Book of Optics challenged the ancient Greek “emission theory,” which claimed that the eyes emit rays to perceive objects. Instead, Alhazen correctly argued that light reflects off objects and enters the eye. His insistence on experimental proof over abstract theory remains the cornerstone of modern physics.

According to the text, how did Alhazen change our understanding of vision?

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen, was a 10th-century polymath whose work in optics laid the foundation for the scientific method. One of his most enduring contributions is “Alhazen’s Problem,” a complex geometric puzzle: given a light source and a spherical mirror, find the point on the mirror where the light will be reflected to the eye of an observer. While the problem sounds simple, it involves solving a fourth-degree equation, which was beyond the reach of the mathematics of his time. Alhazen provided a brilliant geometric solution using conic sections, a feat that wouldn’t be surpassed for centuries. Beyond this specific problem, his Book of Optics challenged the ancient Greek “emission theory,” which claimed that the eyes emit rays to perceive objects. Instead, Alhazen correctly argued that light reflects off objects and enters the eye. His insistence on experimental proof over abstract theory remains the cornerstone of modern physics.

The word “polymath” in the first sentence refers to someone who —-.

63. – 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulun.

Patient:
– I’m incredibly frustrated. I was stuck in that gridlock for two hours and missed my slot with Dr. Aris.
Receptionist:
– I understand your frustration, sir, but the doctor has a very tight schedule and has already moved on to the next patient.
Patient:
– —-
Receptionist:
– I’m afraid that’s not possible today, but I can squeeze you in first thing tomorrow morning if that works?

Helen:
– Have you seen the forecast for tomorrow? They’re predicting a massive heatwave across the Marmara region.
Sue:
– Oh, not again! I was hoping for some break after last week’s humidity.
Helen:
– —-
Sue:
– I suppose you’re right. We should probably stay indoors during the peak hours to avoid heatstroke.

Dr. Aris:
– —-
Dr. Miller:
– While that’s a noble sentiment, this is practically impossible within our current debt-based financial system.
Dr. Aris:
– I realize the transition would be painful, but surely we can’t keep ignoring the fact that infinite growth is incompatible with a finite planet.
Dr. Miller:
– I don’t disagree with the physics, but the political will for such a shift remains non-existent.

Hannah:
– The idea that we just return to a baseline level of happiness regardless of our successes seems so fatalistic.
Mark:
– Look at it from a different perspective. It also means that we return to that same baseline after significant failures or tragedies.
Hannah:
– —-
Mark:
– It’s an evolutionary mechanism that prevents us from being paralyzed by either extreme joy or extreme grief, keeping us focused on survival.

Advisor:
– If you leave a small act of vandalism unaddressed, it signals that the community doesn’t care, leading to more serious crimes.
Mayor:
– Yet, this might leads to over-policing of minor violations and disproportionately affect marginalized neighborhoods.
Advisor:
– —-
Mayor:
– That’s a fair compromise. Maintaining the aesthetic environment is important, but we must ensure it doesn’t become an excuse for systemic harassment.

68. – 71. sorularda, verilen tümceye anlamca en yakın tümceyi bulun.

In light of recent archaeological findings, the long-held belief that the ancient civilization collapsed solely due to prolonged drought has been increasingly called into question.

The novelist’s latest work is so steeped in historical ambiguity that readers are often left wondering where factual record ends and creative license begins.

Despite the initial skepticism surrounding the efficacy of the new vaccine, subsequent clinical trials have consistently demonstrated its capacity to prevent severe illness.

Rarely does a technological innovation disrupt an entire industry as thoroughly as the introduction of the steam engine did during the Industrial Revolution.

72. – 75. sorularda, metinde boş bırakılan yere anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek tümceyi bulun.

The “tragedy of the commons” is an economic theory that describes a situation where individuals acting in their own self-interest deplete a shared resource. Imagine a pasture open to all, where every herder seeks to maximize their gain by adding more cattle. —- The cumulative effect of these individual decisions is the eventual destruction of the pasture. This concept is frequently applied to modern environmental issues, such as overfishing and global carbon emissions.

The Goldilocks Zone refers to the habitable region around a star where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist on a planet’s surface. If a planet is too close to its star, the intense heat causes water to evaporate; if it is too far, the water remains frozen. —- Finding a planet in this zone is a primary goal for astrobiologists searching for extraterrestrial life. However, being in the zone is no guarantee of habitability, as atmospheric composition and magnetic fields also play vital roles.

During the Renaissance, the concept of humanism shifted the focus of art and philosophy from the divine to the human experience. Artists began to study anatomy and perspective to create more realistic representations of the world. —- This period also saw a revival of interest in the classical texts of ancient Greece and Rome. Consequently, the Renaissance was not just a burst of creativity, but a bridge between the Middle Ages and the modern era.

—- They observe that children in bilingual households often reach developmental milestones at the same time as their monolingual peers. Furthermore, being bilingual has been shown to improve executive function, which is the brain’s ability to switch between tasks and ignore distractions. Far from being a source of confusion, speaking two languages appears to provide a significant cognitive workout that keeps the brain flexible.

76. – 80. sorularda, tümceler verilen sıralamada okunduğunda anlam bütünlüğünü bozan tümceyi bulun.

(I) Narrative therapy is a form of psychotherapy that encourages individuals to view themselves as separate from their problems. (II) By externalizing an issue, such as anxiety or depression, a person can observe it as an outside force rather than an inherent character flaw. (III) This approach allows the individual to identify unique outcomes—moments when they successfully resisted the problem’s influence. (IV) Most clinical psychologists undergo several years of rigorous academic training and supervised practice before obtaining their license. (V) Ultimately, the goal is to help the patient rewrite their life story in a way that emphasizes their agency and strengths.

(I) Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, is often referred to as a wonder material. (II) Despite being only one atom thick, it is incredibly strong—roughly 200 times stronger than steel. (III) Its exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity makes it an ideal candidate for the next generation of high-speed electronics and sensors. (IV) Carbon fiber is widely used in the aerospace industry because of its high strength-to-weight ratio and resistance to corrosion. (V) Furthermore, its flexibility and transparency open up possibilities for wearable technology and foldable smartphone screens.

(I) Muhammad Ali changed the face of boxing not just with his speed in the ring, but with his charismatic and vocal personality outside of it. (II) He became a symbol of the American civil rights movement when he refused to be drafted into the Vietnam War on religious grounds. (III) This stance cost him his heavyweight title and resulted in a three-year ban from the sport during his physical prime. (IV) Many boxing fans consider his “Rumble in the Jungle” against George Foreman to be the greatest fight in history. (V) Similarly, professional boxers follow extremely strict training regimes that include thousands of calories and hours of daily cardiovascular exercise.

(I) Albert Einstein transformed modern physics with his special and general theories of relativity. (II) His work on the photoelectric effect, which proved that light can behave as both a wave and a particle, won him the Nobel Prize. (III) Many scientists found theoretical physics difficult because it requires a high level of mathematical proficiency and abstract thinking. (IV) He was an outspoken pacifist and used his global platform to advocate for nuclear disarmament and world peace. (V) Even decades after his death, his name remains synonymous with genius in popular culture around the world.

(I) Hypatia of Alexandria was a brilliant mathematician and astronomer who taught at the Neoplatonic school in the 4th century. (II) She was one of the few women in antiquity to achieve such a high level of intellectual authority in a male-dominated society. (III) The city of Alexandria, where she was born, was founded by Alexander the Great and was famous for its lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders. (IV) Her tragic murder by a mob of religious extremists is often seen by historians as the end of the Classical era of science. (V) Unfortunately, none of her original writings survived, and her work is known only through the accounts of her students.