1. – 6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Although the red flames of lithium and strontium appear similar, the light from each can be separated by means of a prism into —- different colours.

When neurological issues like aphasia and dyslexia arise, they often —- themselves in the things we say and how we say them.

For many years, Britain’s National Health Service has provided a basic standard of —- at low cost.

A sardine monitoring system was —- in order to prevent over-fishing.

His comments —- a very lively debate on the origin of ocean crust.

Microorganisms are of —- value to the Earth’s ecology, disintegrating animal and plant remains and turning them into simpler substances.

7. – 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

The Alps have been an area of transit trade since ancient times —- they offer important pathways between central and southern Europe.

—- populating both the inner and outer surfaces of the human body, microbes abound in the soil, the seas, and the air.

Fish often spend much of their time in the deep, cool waters of a lake —- oxygen levels there become depleted by decomposers.

Some parents are negligent in —- care of their children because they are always engaged with —- unnecessarily hard.

I believe the company will have to —- almost all of the newly recruited employees —- overtime in the coming week.

A study by the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found that, among those —- were seeking treatment for drug and alcohol addiction, the number of cannabis addicts rose from 12% in 2007 to 16% in 2017.

A prominent research scientist claims that limiting alcohol intake can improve the overall health —- breast-cancer survivors, based on the belief that cancer risk may be increased —- alcohol’s action in raising oestrogen metabolism.

Following the recent death of a former Miss Argentina due to complications arising —- plastic surgery, questions are being raised —- the risks of such cosmetic procedures.

Even with the newly-announced policy, US scientists who —- to study human embryos to learn more about infertility and genetic anomalies —- government funding to do so.

The potential dangers of global warming —- by a wide consortium of scientists, who —- about its long-term effects on the planet.

17. – 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Small planes should be safe enough for normal, nonrisk-taking people to trust their lives to them. NASA wants (17) —- the accident rate by 90 per cent within twenty-five years. The planes should become fast enough for their effective speed to be at least three times (18) —- great as that of cars on the highway. The existing small-plane fleet averages 150 knots; that should be raised to 300 knots within a decade, and eventually to 450 knots, (19) —- small planes could compete with the jetliners’ speed. The planes should be more efficient and environmentally safer, using less fuel, creating less pollution, and generating less noise. They should be more (20) —- in their operations and far simpler to fly, much like cars that vary little from one rental site to another. And they should be radically more reliable and cheaper to maintain – following the example of automobiles, with their quality revolution (21) —- the 1980s and 1990s.

Small planes should be safe enough for normal, nonrisk-taking people to trust their lives to them. NASA wants (17) —- the accident rate by 90 per cent within twenty-five years. The planes should become fast enough for their effective speed to be at least three times (18) —- great as that of cars on the highway. The existing small-plane fleet averages 150 knots; that should be raised to 300 knots within a decade, and eventually to 450 knots, (19) —- small planes could compete with the jetliners’ speed. The planes should be more efficient and environmentally safer, using less fuel, creating less pollution, and generating less noise. They should be more (20) —- in their operations and far simpler to fly, much like cars that vary little from one rental site to another. And they should be radically more reliable and cheaper to maintain – following the example of automobiles, with their quality revolution (21) —- the 1980s and 1990s.

Small planes should be safe enough for normal, nonrisk-taking people to trust their lives to them. NASA wants (17) —- the accident rate by 90 per cent within twenty-five years. The planes should become fast enough for their effective speed to be at least three times (18) —- great as that of cars on the highway. The existing small-plane fleet averages 150 knots; that should be raised to 300 knots within a decade, and eventually to 450 knots, (19) —- small planes could compete with the jetliners’ speed. The planes should be more efficient and environmentally safer, using less fuel, creating less pollution, and generating less noise. They should be more (20) —- in their operations and far simpler to fly, much like cars that vary little from one rental site to another. And they should be radically more reliable and cheaper to maintain – following the example of automobiles, with their quality revolution (21) —- the 1980s and 1990s.

Small planes should be safe enough for normal, nonrisk-taking people to trust their lives to them. NASA wants (17) —- the accident rate by 90 per cent within twenty-five years. The planes should become fast enough for their effective speed to be at least three times (18) —- great as that of cars on the highway. The existing small-plane fleet averages 150 knots; that should be raised to 300 knots within a decade, and eventually to 450 knots, (19) —- small planes could compete with the jetliners’ speed. The planes should be more efficient and environmentally safer, using less fuel, creating less pollution, and generating less noise. They should be more (20) —- in their operations and far simpler to fly, much like cars that vary little from one rental site to another. And they should be radically more reliable and cheaper to maintain – following the example of automobiles, with their quality revolution (21) —- the 1980s and 1990s.

Small planes should be safe enough for normal, nonrisk-taking people to trust their lives to them. NASA wants (17) —- the accident rate by 90 per cent within twenty-five years. The planes should become fast enough for their effective speed to be at least three times (17) —- great as that of cars on the highway. The existing small-plane fleet averages 150 knots; that should be raised to 300 knots within a decade, and eventually to 450 knots, (19) —- small planes could compete with the jetliners’ speed. The planes should be more efficient and environmentally safer, using less fuel, creating less pollution, and generating less noise. They should be more (20) —- in their operations and far simpler to fly, much like cars that vary little from one rental site to another. And they should be radically more reliable and cheaper to maintain – following the example of automobiles, with their quality revolution (21) —- the 1980s and 1990s.

22. – 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

If you are locked in a constant struggle with your willpower, here is some good news. There is some evidence to show that thinking about new healthy habits as opportunities (22) —- obligations can help you stay on track. In a recent study at Yale University in the US, people were trained to think about the positive (23) —- of healthy foods. The researchers told them, for instance, that broccoli was crunchy and delicious and that (24) —- they ate it, they would feel good about themselves. The results were striking. ‘We found that we can actually get people to increase their cravings (25) —- healthy foods.’ says Hedy Kober, PhD, who headed the study. In a second study, her team trained people to engage in that same type of thinking repeatedly. They discovered that if people practised looking at healthy foods and considering their wonderful qualities, it encouraged them (26) —- better dietary choices and they consumed fewer calories in everyday life.

If you are locked in a constant struggle with your willpower, here is some good news. There is some evidence to show that thinking about new healthy habits as opportunities (22) —- obligations can help you stay on track. In a recent study at Yale University in the US, people were trained to think about the positive (23) —- of healthy foods. The researchers told them, for instance, that broccoli was crunchy and delicious and that (24) —- they ate it, they would feel good about themselves. The results were striking. ‘We found that we can actually get people to increase their cravings (25) —- healthy foods.’ says Hedy Kober, PhD, who headed the study. In a second study, her team trained people to engage in that same type of thinking repeatedly. They discovered that if people practised looking at healthy foods and considering their wonderful qualities, it encouraged them (26) —- better dietary choices and they consumed fewer calories in everyday life.

If you are locked in a constant struggle with your willpower, here is some good news. There is some evidence to show that thinking about new healthy habits as opportunities (22) —- obligations can help you stay on track. In a recent study at Yale University in the US, people were trained to think about the positive (23) —- of healthy foods. The researchers told them, for instance, that broccoli was crunchy and delicious and that (24) —- they ate it, they would feel good about themselves. The results were striking. ‘We found that we can actually get people to increase their cravings (25) —- healthy foods.’ says Hedy Kober, PhD, who headed the study. In a second study, her team trained people to engage in that same type of thinking repeatedly. They discovered that if people practised looking at healthy foods and considering their wonderful qualities, it encouraged them (26) —- better dietary choices and they consumed fewer calories in everyday life.

If you are locked in a constant struggle with your willpower, here is some good news. There is some evidence to show that thinking about new healthy habits as opportunities (22) —- obligations can help you stay on track. In a recent study at Yale University in the US, people were trained to think about the positive (23) —- of healthy foods. The researchers told them, for instance, that broccoli was crunchy and delicious and that (24) —- they ate it, they would feel good about themselves. The results were striking. ‘We found that we can actually get people to increase their cravings (25) —- healthy foods.’ says Hedy Kober, PhD, who headed the study. In a second study, her team trained people to engage in that same type of thinking repeatedly. They discovered that if people practised looking at healthy foods and considering their wonderful qualities, it encouraged them (26) —- better dietary choices and they consumed fewer calories in everyday life.

If you are locked in a constant struggle with your willpower, here is some good news. There is some evidence to show that thinking about new healthy habits as opportunities (22) —- obligations can help you stay on track. In a recent study at Yale University in the US, people were trained to think about the positive (23) —- of healthy foods. The researchers told them, for instance, that broccoli was crunchy and delicious and that (24) —- they ate it, they would feel good about themselves. The results were striking. ‘We found that we can actually get people to increase their cravings (25) —- healthy foods.’ says Hedy Kober, PhD, who headed the study. In a second study, her team trained people to engage in that same type of thinking repeatedly. They discovered that if people practised looking at healthy foods and considering their wonderful qualities, it encouraged them (26) —- better dietary choices and they consumed fewer calories in everyday life.

27. – 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Though its manufacture, sale, and servicing have become key elements of industrial economies, —-.

Unless rich countries help poor ones adopt greener technologies, —-.

Provided that loan programmes are properly designed, effectively managed and a high rate of recovery is achieved, —-.

Coal burning is responsible for 40 per cent of the 30 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide —-.

Facts and ideas brought in by total outsiders will tend to be rejected —-.

—-, it will become more and more of a basic item in the kitchen.

Many researchers and clinicians observe that the traditional Chinese medicine can hope to function in full partnership with Western medicine —-.

The pleasures of chocolate, tea, and coffee drinking have been known to humans for centuries, —-.

When the women’s Vitamin D serum levels were divided into four groups, —-.

Even when a cell becomes cancerous, —-.

37. – 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

A recent mental-health survey carried out in Europe suggested that two-fifths of French people suffer from serious depression at some point in their lives, so it is no surprise to learn that they swallow more anti-depressants per head than the Germans or the British.

The ethanol in biofuels forms through the fermentation of starch and, in principle, any source of starch can be used for this purpose.

Because salt is indispensable to life, and uniquely flavours foods, humans have been preoccupied with it since the beginning of recorded history.

12 milyondan fazla bilinen kimyasaldan 3.000 kadarı, çeşitli tür zehirlenmelere neden olmaktadır, ancak yüksek miktarlarda alınan hemen hemen her madde toksik olabilir.

Yeni deneyimlere açık insanlar, görsel bilgiyi farklı şekillerde işleme yeteneğine sahiptir ve bu, yaratıcılıklarının artmasını sağlamaktadır; böylece bu özelliğe sahip insanlar farklı bakış açıları sayesinde diğerleri tarafından gözden kaçırılan çözümleri fark etmede iyi olabilirler.

Vücudun akciğerleri koruyan mekanizmaları olmasına rağmen, akciğerlerde biriken birçok madde vardır ve bunlar akciğerlerde tekrarlayan iritasyona veya uzun süreli hastalığa yol açabilir.

43. – 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

A study by a group of scientists has resulted in a major step forward in overcoming drug addiction. As addiction was known to cause molecular changes in the brains of addicts, causing their neurons to transmit much stronger signals of dopamine, a messenger molecule involved in reward-seeking behaviours, the scientists were hoping to prove experimentally that certain key proteins in the dopamine-producing neurons influence drug addiction. It was an inspired guess, as the study found that mice in which these key proteins had been selectively switched off displayed clear addictive behaviour. For instance, mice in which the CluR1 protein was switched off showed a much longer period of dependence. Conversely, re-administration of cocaine after a long break immediately re-ignited the addiction, but mice whose NR1 protein had been deactivated resisted relapsing into addictive behaviours. The ability of these proteins to determine addictive behavioural patterns makes them fascinating.

According to the passage, the NR1 protein in the mice involved in the experiment —-.

A study by a group of scientists has resulted in a major step forward in overcoming drug addiction. As addiction was known to cause molecular changes in the brains of addicts, causing their neurons to transmit much stronger signals of dopamine, a messenger molecule involved in reward-seeking behaviours, the scientists were hoping to prove experimentally that certain key proteins in the dopamine-producing neurons influence drug addiction. It was an inspired guess, as the study found that mice in which these key proteins had been selectively switched off displayed clear addictive behaviour. For instance, mice in which the CluR1 protein was switched off showed a much longer period of dependence. Conversely, re-administration of cocaine after a long break immediately re-ignited the addiction, but mice whose NR1 protein had been deactivated resisted relapsing into addictive behaviours. The ability of these proteins to determine addictive behavioural patterns makes them fascinating.

One can understand from the passage that drug addiction —-.

A study by a group of scientists has resulted in a major step forward in overcoming drug addiction. As addiction was known to cause molecular changes in the brains of addicts, causing their neurons to transmit much stronger signals of dopamine, a messenger molecule involved in reward-seeking behaviours, the scientists were hoping to prove experimentally that certain key proteins in the dopamine-producing neurons influence drug addiction. It was an inspired guess, as the study found that mice in which these key proteins had been selectively switched off displayed clear addictive behaviour. For instance, mice in which the CluR1 protein was switched off showed a much longer period of dependence. Conversely, re-administration of cocaine after a long break immediately re-ignited the addiction, but mice whose NR1 protein had been deactivated resisted relapsing into addictive behaviours. The ability of these proteins to determine addictive behavioural patterns makes them fascinating.

As can be understood from the passage, the discovery —-.

A study by a group of scientists has resulted in a major step forward in overcoming drug addiction. As addiction was known to cause molecular changes in the brains of addicts, causing their neurons to transmit much stronger signals of dopamine, a messenger molecule involved in reward-seeking behaviours, the scientists were hoping to prove experimentally that certain key proteins in the dopamine-producing neurons influence drug addiction. It was an inspired guess, as the study found that mice in which these key proteins had been selectively switched off displayed clear addictive behaviour. For instance, mice in which the CluR1 protein was switched off showed a much longer period of dependence. Conversely, re-administration of cocaine after a long break immediately re-ignited the addiction, but mice whose NR1 protein had been deactivated resisted relapsing into addictive behaviours. The ability of these proteins to determine addictive behavioural patterns makes them fascinating.

It is clear from the passage that the CluR1 protein —-.

47. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

It is to a plant’s advantage to be visually attractive to a specific pollinator so that those animals will seek out and concentrate on that particular plant during their search for nectar. This keeps pollen from being spread to other plant species, where pollination won’t take place. Flowers appeal to their pollinators’ sensory systems by using signals such as alluring odours or colours. Flowers pollinated by nocturnal animals like bats and moths, which rely more on hearing than smell and sight, usually have dull colours but powerful scents. Flowers pollinated by daytime animals like birds and bees, however, rely on a range of colours. Birds see a spectrum somewhat similar to ours but are especially receptive to red, so blossoms pollinated by them tend to be red or orange. Bees, on the other hand, see a different spectrum composed of yellow, blue, green, and ultraviolet. Flowers pollinated by bees, hence, tend to be in those colours and usually have special markings that are visible only in ultraviolet. Like runway lights, these markings guide insects to the right place to land and find nectar, and in the process, pollinate the plant.

According to the passage, birds —-.

It is to a plant’s advantage to be visually attractive to a specific pollinator so that those animals will seek out and concentrate on that particular plant during their search for nectar. This keeps pollen from being spread to other plant species, where pollination won’t take place. Flowers appeal to their pollinators’ sensory systems by using signals such as alluring odours or colours. Flowers pollinated by nocturnal animals like bats and moths, which rely more on hearing than smell and sight, usually have dull colours but powerful scents. Flowers pollinated by daytime animals like birds and bees, however, rely on a range of colours. Birds see a spectrum somewhat similar to ours but are especially receptive to red, so blossoms pollinated by them tend to be red or orange. Bees, on the other hand, see a different spectrum composed of yellow, blue, green, and ultraviolet. Flowers pollinated by bees, hence, tend to be in those colours and usually have special markings that are visible only in ultraviolet. Like runway lights, these markings guide insects to the right place to land and find nectar, and in the process, pollinate the plant.

It can be understood from the passage that special markings on some flowers —-.

It is to a plant’s advantage to be visually attractive to a specific pollinator so that those animals will seek out and concentrate on that particular plant during their search for nectar. This keeps pollen from being spread to other plant species, where pollination won’t take place. Flowers appeal to their pollinators’ sensory systems by using signals such as alluring odours or colours. Flowers pollinated by nocturnal animals like bats and moths, which rely more on hearing than smell and sight, usually have dull colours but powerful scents. Flowers pollinated by daytime animals like birds and bees, however, rely on a range of colours. Birds see a spectrum somewhat similar to ours but are especially receptive to red, so blossoms pollinated by them tend to be red or orange. Bees, on the other hand, see a different spectrum composed of yellow, blue, green, and ultraviolet. Flowers pollinated by bees, hence, tend to be in those colours and usually have special markings that are visible only in ultraviolet. Like runway lights, these markings guide insects to the right place to land and find nectar, and in the process, pollinate the plant.

The passage makes it clear that animals that are active at night —-.

It is to a plant’s advantage to be visually attractive to a specific pollinator so that those animals will seek out and concentrate on that particular plant during their search for nectar. This keeps pollen from being spread to other plant species, where pollination won’t take place. Flowers appeal to their pollinators’ sensory systems by using signals such as alluring odours or colours. Flowers pollinated by nocturnal animals like bats and moths, which rely more on hearing than smell and sight, usually have dull colours but powerful scents. Flowers pollinated by daytime animals like birds and bees, however, rely on a range of colours. Birds see a spectrum somewhat similar to ours but are especially receptive to red, so blossoms pollinated by them tend to be red or orange. Bees, on the other hand, see a different spectrum composed of yellow, blue, green, and ultraviolet. Flowers pollinated by bees, hence, tend to be in those colours and usually have special markings that are visible only in ultraviolet. Like runway lights, these markings guide insects to the right place to land and find nectar, and in the process, pollinate the plant.

The passage is mainly concerned with —-.

51. – 54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Deconstruction – the method which claims there is no single explanation of the meaning of a piece of writing – in and of itself, is almost dead, but it retains enormous influence on current critical thinking. While deconstruction itself peaked in the late 1970s, an evolving version of deconstruction has been absorbed by later thinking and often remains crucial to, and even taken for granted by, contemporary cultural and literary criticism. The founding figure and the intellectual force behind deconstruction was Jacques Derrida. His first widely influential book, Of Grammatology, appeared in French in 1967, and many of his later writings recast or extend the ideas of Of Grammatology for other contexts and issues. Advocates and popularisers saw his ideas as so revolutionary that they put him in the same light as Copernicus, Newton, Einstein, and Freud. Although Derrida was primarily a philosopher, his work had little impact on philosophy until after its shock wave hit literary studies. Deconstruction has since carried its influence far beyond literary studies, not only to philosophy but also to all of the humanities and often to the social sciences.

According to the passage, deconstruction lost its previous power —-.

Deconstruction – the method which claims there is no single explanation of the meaning of a piece of writing – in and of itself, is almost dead, but it retains enormous influence on current critical thinking. While deconstruction itself peaked in the late 1970s, an evolving version of deconstruction has been absorbed by later thinking and often remains crucial to, and even taken for granted by, contemporary cultural and literary criticism. The founding figure and the intellectual force behind deconstruction was Jacques Derrida. His first widely influential book, Of Grammatology, appeared in French in 1967, and many of his later writings recast or extend the ideas of Of Grammatology for other contexts and issues. Advocates and popularisers saw his ideas as so revolutionary that they put him in the same light as Copernicus, Newton, Einstein, and Freud. Although Derrida was primarily a philosopher, his work had little impact on philosophy until after its shock wave hit literary studies. Deconstruction has since carried its influence far beyond literary studies, not only to philosophy but also to all of the humanities and often to the social sciences.

It is stated in the passage that Jacques Derrida’s book Of Grammatology —-.

Deconstruction – the method which claims there is no single explanation of the meaning of a piece of writing – in and of itself, is almost dead, but it retains enormous influence on current critical thinking. While deconstruction itself peaked in the late 1970s, an evolving version of deconstruction has been absorbed by later thinking and often remains crucial to, and even taken for granted by, contemporary cultural and literary criticism. The founding figure and the intellectual force behind deconstruction was Jacques Derrida. His first widely influential book, Of Grammatology, appeared in French in 1967, and many of his later writings recast or extend the ideas of Of Grammatology for other contexts and issues. Advocates and popularisers saw his ideas as so revolutionary that they put him in the same light as Copernicus, Newton, Einstein, and Freud. Although Derrida was primarily a philosopher, his work had little impact on philosophy until after its shock wave hit literary studies. Deconstruction has since carried its influence far beyond literary studies, not only to philosophy but also to all of the humanities and often to the social sciences.

Derrida is seen in the same line with Copernicus, Newton, Einstein, and Freud because he —-.

Deconstruction – the method which claims there is no single explanation of the meaning of a piece of writing – in and of itself, is almost dead, but it retains enormous influence on current critical thinking. While deconstruction itself peaked in the late 1970s, an evolving version of deconstruction has been absorbed by later thinking and often remains crucial to, and even taken for granted by, contemporary cultural and literary criticism. The founding figure and the intellectual force behind deconstruction was Jacques Derrida. His first widely influential book, Of Grammatology, appeared in French in 1967, and many of his later writings recast or extend the ideas of Of Grammatology for other contexts and issues. Advocates and popularisers saw his ideas as so revolutionary that they put him in the same light as Copernicus, Newton, Einstein, and Freud. Although Derrida was primarily a philosopher, his work had little impact on philosophy until after its shock wave hit literary studies. Deconstruction has since carried its influence far beyond literary studies, not only to philosophy but also to all of the humanities and often to the social sciences.

According to the passage, which of the following is true about deconstruction?

55. – 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

What goes around comes around. Our greenhouse gas emissions do not just warm the planet, they also acidify the oceans; however, it is a fact that most people are not aware of. Now it turns out that the changes in ocean chemistry they cause will feed back into the climate, further driving up temperatures. This was not always thought to be true. Climatologists had considered that carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorbed by the ocean was stored, and unable to affect the climate. But a study now suggests that the acidification it causes will rebound on the entire planet, by acting on tiny marine plants called phytoplankton. These plants produce a chemical called dimethyl sulphide (DMS) that drifts up into the air and reflects sunlight back into space, cooling the planet. Katharina Six and her team at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg gathered experimental data showing that phytoplankton produce less DMS as seawater becomes less alkaline due to acidification. After entering these figures into climate models, they estimate that 18 percent less DMS will be released from the oceans by the year 2100, compared to pre-industrial times. If the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere doubles, which is likely to happen later this century, temperatures are expected to rise between 2 and 4.5°C. Ocean acidification will add between 0.23 and 0.48°C to that figure, Six estimates.

According to the passage, greenhouse gas emissions —-.

What goes around comes around. Our greenhouse gas emissions do not just warm the planet, they also acidify the oceans; however, it is a fact that most people are not aware of. Now it turns out that the changes in ocean chemistry they cause will feed back into the climate, further driving up temperatures. This was not always thought to be true. Climatologists had considered that carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorbed by the ocean was stored, and unable to affect the climate. But a study now suggests that the acidification it causes will rebound on the entire planet, by acting on tiny marine plants called phytoplankton. These plants produce a chemical called dimethyl sulphide (DMS) that drifts up into the air and reflects sunlight back into space, cooling the planet. Katharina Six and her team at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg gathered experimental data showing that phytoplankton produce less DMS as seawater becomes less alkaline due to acidification. After entering these figures into climate models, they estimate that 18 percent less DMS will be released from the oceans by the year 2100, compared to pre-industrial times. If the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere doubles, which is likely to happen later this century, temperatures are expected to rise between 2 and 4.5°C. Ocean acidification will add between 0.23 and 0.48°C to that figure, Six estimates.

It is understood from the passage that the chemical dimethyl sulphide —-.

What goes around comes around. Our greenhouse gas emissions do not just warm the planet, they also acidify the oceans; however, it is a fact that most people are not aware of. Now it turns out that the changes in ocean chemistry they cause will feed back into the climate, further driving up temperatures. This was not always thought to be true. Climatologists had considered that carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorbed by the ocean was stored, and unable to affect the climate. But a study now suggests that the acidification it causes will rebound on the entire planet, by acting on tiny marine plants called phytoplankton. These plants produce a chemical called dimethyl sulphide (DMS) that drifts up into the air and reflects sunlight back into space, cooling the planet. Katharina Six and her team at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg gathered experimental data showing that phytoplankton produce less DMS as seawater becomes less alkaline due to acidification. After entering these figures into climate models, they estimate that 18 percent less DMS will be released from the oceans by the year 2100, compared to pre-industrial times. If the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere doubles, which is likely to happen later this century, temperatures are expected to rise between 2 and 4.5°C. Ocean acidification will add between 0.23 and 0.48°C to that figure, Six estimates.

According to the data collected by Six and her team, —-.

What goes around comes around. Our greenhouse gas emissions do not just warm the planet, they also acidify the oceans; however, it is a fact that most people are not aware of. Now it turns out that the changes in ocean chemistry they cause will feed back into the climate, further driving up temperatures. This was not always thought to be true. Climatologists had considered that carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorbed by the ocean was stored, and unable to affect the climate. But a study now suggests that the acidification it causes will rebound on the entire planet, by acting on tiny marine plants called phytoplankton. These plants produce a chemical called dimethyl sulphide (DMS) that drifts up into the air and reflects sunlight back into space, cooling the planet. Katharina Six and her team at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg gathered experimental data showing that phytoplankton produce less DMS as seawater becomes less alkaline due to acidification. After entering these figures into climate models, they estimate that 18 percent less DMS will be released from the oceans by the year 2100, compared to pre-industrial times. If the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere doubles, which is likely to happen later this century, temperatures are expected to rise between 2 and 4.5°C. Ocean acidification will add between 0.23 and 0.48°C to that figure, Six estimates.

What is the main aim of the author of this passage?

59. – 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Until the early 1960s, the picturesque ruins of Aphrodisias were scattered in and around the very pretty village of Geyre, where the houses had been built largely from remnants of the ancient city. But the present excavations, which began in 1961, have now reached such a scale that the village and its inhabitants have been moved to another site nearby. Some of the superb sculptures unearthed are now exhibited in a new museum, which is located in what was once Geyre’s village square, while others can be seen around the archaeological zone, one of the most interesting and beautiful sites in all of Turkey. Surprisingly, the excavations at Aphrodisias have unearthed remains of a settlement dating back to about 5,800 B.C. The site seems to have been a very ancient shrine of Ishtar, the fertility goddess of Nineveh and Babylon, who was one of the predecessors of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. In fact, the earliest Greek sanctuary of Aphrodite on this site dates from the sixth century B.C., and it was from this sanctuary during the next four centuries that the cult of Aphrodite spread throughout the Graeco-Roman world.

As one learns from the passage, the excavations at Aphrodisias —-.

Until the early 1960s, the picturesque ruins of Aphrodisias were scattered in and around the very pretty village of Geyre, where the houses had been built largely from remnants of the ancient city. But the present excavations, which began in 1961, have now reached such a scale that the village and its inhabitants have been moved to another site nearby. Some of the superb sculptures unearthed are now exhibited in a new museum, which is located in what was once Geyre’s village square, while others can be seen around the archaeological zone, one of the most interesting and beautiful sites in all of Turkey. Surprisingly, the excavations at Aphrodisias have unearthed remains of a settlement dating back to about 5,800 B.C. The site seems to have been a very ancient shrine of Ishtar, the fertility goddess of Nineveh and Babylon, who was one of the predecessors of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. In fact, the earliest Greek sanctuary of Aphrodite on this site dates from the sixth century B.C., and it was from this sanctuary during the next four centuries that the cult of Aphrodite spread throughout the Graeco-Roman world.

It is pointed out in the passage that the people of modern Geyre —-.

Until the early 1960s, the picturesque ruins of Aphrodisias were scattered in and around the very pretty village of Geyre, where the houses had been built largely from remnants of the ancient city. But the present excavations, which began in 1961, have now reached such a scale that the village and its inhabitants have been moved to another site nearby. Some of the superb sculptures unearthed are now exhibited in a new museum, which is located in what was once Geyre’s village square, while others can be seen around the archaeological zone, one of the most interesting and beautiful sites in all of Turkey. Surprisingly, the excavations at Aphrodisias have unearthed remains of a settlement dating back to about 5,800 B.C. The site seems to have been a very ancient shrine of Ishtar, the fertility goddess of Nineveh and Babylon, who was one of the predecessors of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. In fact, the earliest Greek sanctuary of Aphrodite on this site dates from the sixth century B.C., and it was from this sanctuary during the next four centuries that the cult of Aphrodite spread throughout the Graeco-Roman world.

The writer claims in the passage that Aphrodisias, with its wonderful ruins, —-.

Until the early 1960s, the picturesque ruins of Aphrodisias were scattered in and around the very pretty village of Geyre, where the houses had been built largely from remnants of the ancient city. But the present excavations, which began in 1961, have now reached such a scale that the village and its inhabitants have been moved to another site nearby. Some of the superb sculptures unearthed are now exhibited in a new museum, which is located in what was once Geyre’s village square, while others can be seen around the archaeological zone, one of the most interesting and beautiful sites in all of Turkey. Surprisingly, the excavations at Aphrodisias have unearthed remains of a settlement dating back to about 5,800 B.C. The site seems to have been a very ancient shrine of Ishtar, the fertility goddess of Nineveh and Babylon, who was one of the predecessors of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. In fact, the earliest Greek sanctuary of Aphrodite on this site dates from the sixth century B.C., and it was from this sanctuary during the next four centuries that the cult of Aphrodite spread throughout the Graeco-Roman world.

It is stated in the passage that the temple of Aphrodite in Aphrodisias —-.

63. – 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.

Kevin:
– Did you pass your final exams last semester?
Richard:
– Yes, just barely. I was sure I had failed at least in two of them.
Kevin:
– —-
Richard:
– Actually, I was hanging out at my friends. If I had failed, I would have deserved it.

Martin:
– This is amazing! It says here in the newspaper that they are testing a new invention: a portable dialysis machine.
Anthony:
– What’s so amazing about that?
Martin:
– —-
Anthony:
– That should make life a lot more pleasant for them.

Patrick:
– Are you going to get a swine flu vaccination?
Helen:
– Yes, I am. Almost half of my colleagues are down with the flu, and I’m really tired of wearing this protective mask.
Patrick:
– —-
Helen:
– Oh, I already have. I’m getting a type specially developed for expectant women.

Ann :
– Did you know that the use of graph paper for plotting functions and data was first made common by Professor John Perry, when he was still an assistant of the famous physicist Lord Kelvin?
Jane :
– No, I didn’t. How did he make it available to the public?
Ann :
– —-
Jane :
– Well, that’s really something.

Patient :
– Dr Jameson, what are the safest exercises for me, as a middle-aged man, to improve my fitness?
Dr Jameson :
– There are several. Let me think which would be suitable for you.
Patient :
– —-
Dr Jameson :
– Those would be fine. Cycling can also be useful.

68. – 71. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.

Modern scientific study of the deep sea can be said to have begun when Pierre de Laplace calculated the average depth of the Atlantic Ocean.

There are those situations in which the best way for a parent to educate a child is to set an example.

Despite scientific research on marine turtles, biologists still have much to learn about them.

The larger the size of the European population in Africa grows, the more its contempt for Africans.

72. – 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

Recent studies have revealed that heart disease had plagued man long before fried hamburgers and cigarettes came along. For instance, the upper classes of ancient Egypt were riddled with cardiovascular disease that dramatically raised their risk of heart attacks and strokes. Doctors made the discovery after taking hospital X-ray scans of 20 Egyptian mummies that date back more than 3,500 years. —- In some of the individuals, up to six different arteries were affected.

Misinformation is perhaps an inevitable part of the world we live in, but it is not a new problem. —- Deceiving others can offer an apparent opportunity to gain strategic advantage, to motivate others to action, or to even protect interpersonal bonds. Moreover, people inadvertently have been sharing inaccurate information with one another for thousands of years. However, we currently live in an era in which technology enables information to reach large audiences distributed across the globe, and thus the potential for immediate and widespread effects from misinformation now looms larger than in the past.

Adaptive Business Intelligence (ABI) is the discipline of combining prediction, optimisation, and adaptability into a system capable of answering these two fundamental questions: ‘What is likely to happen in the future?’ and ‘What is the best decision right now?’ To build such a system, we first need to understand the methods and techniques that enable prediction, optimisation, and adaptability. At first glance, this subject matter is nothing new, as hundreds of books and articles have been written on business intelligence, prediction methods, optimisation techniques, and so forth. —- ABI addresses this very issue.

Locomotion can be considered to be a flow of mass from one location to another. —-. They seek and find paths and rhythms that allow them to move their mass the greatest distance per expenditure of useful energy while minimizing thermodynamic imperfections such as friction.

76. – 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) Huge dust storms, like those that turned the air red across much of eastern Australia during 2009, spread lethal epidemics around the world. (II) For instance, dust storms originating in the Sahara Desert are thought to be responsible for spreading meningitis spores throughout semi-arid central Africa. (III) Higher temperatures and more intense storms are likewise linked to ‘valley fever’, a fatal disease contracted from a fungus in the soil of the central valley of California. (IV) According to the World Meteorological Organization, dust storms cause enormous damage to the ecology of forests. (V) Scientists now see such dust clouds as possible transmitters of influenza, SARS, and foot-and-mouth diseases.

(I) A leading pharmaceutical company recently announced that it had tested 13,500 molecules against the parasite that causes malaria. (II) Malaria has been known about since ancient times and has gone under many names. (III) Today, it kills over a million people a year, most of them young children. (IV) Where it originally came from, though, has been a matter of scientific debate for half a century. (V) It was in 1958 that a noted anthropologist first suggested that Plasmodium falciparum (the deadliest of the four or five parasites that cause human malaria) had jumped into people from chimpanzees 10,000 years ago.

(I) Ancient seafarers found their way by observing landmarks, such as large rocks or trees, along rivers and coastlines. (II) When out of sight of land, they derived clues about their location by measuring water depth, monitoring wind patterns and wave shapes, and observing the positions of the Sun and the stars. (III) Later, navigators developed tools to measure a ship’s position and progress more precisely. (IV) They can choose from a great variety of high-tech tools to determine their position on Earth and find their way from one place to another. (V) They used a magnetic compass to determine direction, measured the height of the Sun or stars on the horizon to fix their position, and plotted their progress and routes on nautical maps called ‘charts’.

(I) In 1958, following the signing of the Treaty of Rome in the previous year, the European Economic Community – EE, now the European Union (EU) – was born, and Brussels became its headquarters. (II) Today, the city remains home to most of the EU’s institutions. (III) The European Commission, the EU body that formulates the policies, is currently based in various buildings in the city. (IV) The city is also one of the seats of the European Parliament. (V) Each nation has a certain number of votes according to their size in the Council of Ministers.

(I) Between 1876 and 2002, the people of Lead, South Dakota, extracted $3.5 billion worth of gold from the Homestake mine. (II) When falling prices finally shut it down, no one was sure what to do with the remaining 8,000-foot hole in the ground. (III) Now a team of physicists and former miners has converted Homestake’s shipping warehouse into a new surface­level laboratory. (IV) Then, in 2007, the National Science Foundation decided that an 8,000-foot hole would be the perfect place to put its proposed complex. (V) A research complex, called Underground Science Laboratory, it will include the world’s deepest underground lab.